軟件工程筆記

Chapter--1

<1>Whatissoftware?WhatarethecategoriesofS/W?

1.Computerprogramsandassociateddocumentation.Softwareproductsmaybedevelopedforaparticularcustomerordevelopedforageneralmarket.

2.IApplicationS/W-->QQ.C.C++

IISystems/w-->DoswindowUnix

IIIEngineeringandscientifics/w-->CAD

IVEmbeddedsystems/w-->lockingthings.PDA

VWebapplications/w-->HTMLPHP

VIAIs/w-->Robotics

<2>Essentialattributesofgoods/w

1.maintainability

2.Dependabilityandsecurity

3.efficiency(效率)

4.Acceptabilityability

<3>GoalsofSE

1.satisfyuserRequirements

2.Highperformance

3.Lowmaintenancecost

4.Deliveryontime

5.Highreliability

6.EaseofSE

<4>ImportofSE

1.Individualsandsocietyrelyonadvanceds/wsystem

2.Producereliableandtrustworthys/w

3.CheaperinlongruntouseSEtechniques

<5>SEEthics

1.Confidentiality(機(jī)密)

2.Competence(能力、勝任)

3.Intellectualpropertyrights

4.Computermisuse(濫用、誤用)

<6>Whatarethetypesofsoftwareproducts?Givesomeexamples

1.Genericproduct-->CAD/CAM

2.Customproduct-->studentsinformationsystem

<7>WhatarethecostofSE?

---Roughly60%ofs/wcostsaredevelopmentcosts;40%aretestingcostsForcustomsoftwareevolutioncostsoftenexceeddevelopmentcost.

<8>WhatarethefundamentalactivitiesofSE?

Softwarespecification.

Softwaredevelopment.

Softwarevalidation.

Softwareevolution.

*WhatisSE?WhatareapplicationofSE?Givesomeexample.

1.SoftwareEngineeringisanengineeringdisciplinethatisconcernedwithallaspctofsoftwareproduction.

2.1.Stand-aloneapplications=>RunonLocalcomputer

2.2.Embeddedcontrolsystems=>Hardwaredevice

2.3.Entertainmentsystems=>onlinemoviesgamesmusic

2.4.Datacollectionsystems

2.5.systemsofsystems=>subsystem

2.6.systemsformodelingandsimulation=>UML&URML

2.7.Batchprocessingsystems=>ImageFile

2.8.Interactive

computertransaction-basedapplications=>RunonRemote

Chapter--2

1.Whatissoftwareprocess?Structuredsetofactivity

Whatarethetypes?

Asoftwareprocessisasetofrelatedactivitiesthatleadstoproductionofsoftwareproduct.

i.waterfallmodel

ii.Incrementalmoder

iii.Recuse-orientedmodel

iv.Spiralmodel

2.Whatarethesoftwareprocessmodels?

Asoftwareprocessmodelisasimplifiedrepresentationofasoftwareprocess.

3.Drawtheblackdiagramofreuse-orientedmodel.

Waterfallmodel

<1>Waterfallmodel

1.oldestSDLC

2.LinearsequentialModel(or)classiclifestylemodel

3.Widelyusedmodel

4.Simpletoimplement

5.Sequentialmodel

<2>phase

1.Requirementgatheringoranalysis

2.Design

3.Coding

4.Testing

5.maintenance

<3>Benefits

1.simpletoimplement

2.It’ssuitableforsmallsystemimplementations

<4>Drawbacks

1.Difficulttofollowthesequentialflow

2.Ifsomechangesaremadeatsomephasesitmaycansesomeconflict

3.Requirementanalysismustbealoneinitially,Thiscausedifficultyintheproject

4.Customercanseetheworkingmodeloftheprojectonlyattheend.

5.IfcustomerdissatisfiedmeansitcausesitcausesseriousproblemIncrementalModel

<1>

=>Developandinitialimplementation

=>Exposethistousercomment

=>Evolvethisthroughseveralversionsuntilanadequatesystemhasbeendeveloped

<2>phases

1.startwithanoutlinedecription

2.Specificationdevelopmentvalicationactivitiesareinterleaved

3.Morerapidfeedbackacrossactivities

4.Fundamentalpartofagileapproaches

5.Betterformostbusinesse-commevceandpersonalsystemthanwaterfallapproaches

<3>Benefits

1.Reducedcost

軟件工程筆記.doc下載

2.Easiertogetcustomerfeedback

3.Rapiddeliveryanddevelopment

4.Technicalriskscanbemanagedwitheachincrement

5.Adoptedwhentherearelessnumberofpeopleinvoledintheproject.

<4>Drawbacks

1.processisnotvisible

2.Systemstructuretendstodegradeasnewincrementsareadded.Boehm’sSpiralmodel

Itisasoftwaredevelopmentprocess

AlsoknowasthespirallifecyclemodelorspiraldevelopmentCombinethefeaturesofprototypingmodel+waterfallmodel

Combinetheadvantagesoftop-downandbottom-upconceptsSuitableforlarge,expensiveanddifficultproject

<1>phases

1.objectivesetting:determinetheobjectivesalternativesandconstraints

2.Riskassessmentandreduction:evalutealternativesandidentifyresolveriskissues

3.Developmentandvalidation:developandverifytheproductinthisiteration

4.Planning:planningthenextiteration

<2>Advantages:

1.Highamountofriskanalysis

2.Goodforlargeprojects

3.Softwareisproducedearlyinthesoftwarelifecycle

4.Projectmonitoringiseasyandeffective

<3>Disadvantages

1.canbeacostlymodeltouse

2.Projectsuccessishighlydependedontheriskanalysisphase

3.Itisnotsuitableforlowriskprojects

Thedifferencebetweenwaterfallmodelandspiralmodel?

Waterfallmodel:

1.Itrequireswellunderstandingofrequirements

2.Difficulttoaccomodatechangesaftertheprocesshasstarted

3.Canaccomodateiterationbutindirectly

4.Riskscanbeidentifiedattheendwhichmaycausefailuretotheproduct

5.Thecustomercanseetheworkingmodeloftheprojectonlyattheend.

6.Customerspreferthismodel

7.Thismodelisgoodforsmallscalesystems

8.Itissequentialnature

Spiralmodel:

1.itisdevelopediniterations,hencetherequirementscanbeidentifiedatnewiterations

2.Therequiredchangescanbemadeateverystageofnewversion

3.Itisiterativemodel

4.Riskscanbeidentifiedandreducedbeforetheygetproblematic

5.Customercanseetheworkingproductatcertainstagesofiteration

6.Developerspreferthismodel

7.Thismodelisgoodforlargescalesystems

8.Itisevolutionarynature

Chapter--3

<1>RequirementsEngineering:

Theprocessoffindingout,analying,documentingandcheckingtheseservices.

Requirement:Establishingwhatthecustomerwants

Engineering:Tofinding,analying,documenting,checking

<2>Typesofrequirements:userrequirements,systemsrequements

1.userrequirementswhatservicesthesystemsisexpectedtoprovidesystemusersItiswrittenforcustomersusersnaturallanguageanddiagrams2.systemsrequirementswhatthesystemshoulddomoredetaileddescriptionofthesoftwaresystemsfunctionsandservicescontractbetweensystembuyerandsoftwaredevelopers<3>Typesofsystemrequirements:1.Functionalrequirements2.Non-Functionalrequirements<4>Requirementspecification:Itistheprocessofwriting

downtheuserandsystemrequirementdocument.Itshouldbeclear,unambiguous,easytounderstand,complete,consistent.Useofnaturallanguage&simpletables.Acompleteanddetailedanddetailedspecificationofthewholesystem.<5>HowtowriteSRS:1.Naturallanguage2.Structurednaturallanguage3.Designdescriptionlanguage4.Graphicnotations5.Mathematicalspecifications<6>High-levelactivities

1.Feasibilitystudy2.Elicitation&Analysis3.Specification4.Validation

久久建筑網(wǎng)m.i5h4u.cn提供大量：建筑圖紙、施工方案、工程書籍、建筑論文、合同表格、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范、CAD圖紙等內(nèi)容。